1. Rising temperatures: Global mean surface temperature has risen by about 1.11 ± 0.13°C above pre-industrial levels (1850-1900 average) as of 2021[12]. The last seven years (2015-2021) have been the warmest period on record[12]. Temperatures over land, ocean surface, and the troposphere have all increased[1][7]. 2. Melting ice: Polar ice caps and glaciers are rapidly melting. Arctic sea ice is thinning and retreating[2]. Mountain glaciers in the Alps, Alaska, and Himalayas have significantly shrunk[2]. Antarctica's ice sheets are breaking up[2]. 3. Rising sea levels: Global mean sea level has been rising at an average rate of 4.5 mm per year from 2013-2021[12]. This is largely due to melting land ice and thermal expansion of the oceans as they warm[2][7]. 4. Ocean changes: The oceans are absorbing excess heat and carbon dioxide. Ocean heat content is increasing[7][11]. This is leading to ocean acidification[1][6][12]. Coral reefs are dying as a result[3]. 5. Extreme weather: There has been an increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, droughts, heavy rainfall, flooding, hurricanes, and wildfires[3][8][9][12]. Weather patterns and seasonality are being disrupted[1][3]. 6. Ecosystem shifts: The distribution and behavior of many plant and animal species is changing as a result of warming. For example, the tree-line is moving upwards in mountain ranges and tropical diseases are spreading poleward[2]. These various indicators, based on data from land and ocean monitoring, satellite observations, paleoclimate records, and climate models, provide a consistent picture that the Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions[4][5][6][10].